What is CNC Machining?

Published on May 15, 2025 · by jiacnc01

What is CNC Machining?

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining is a manufacturing process where pre-programmed computer software dictates the movement of factory tools and machinery. This process enables the production of precise parts by removing material from a workpiece using various cutting tools.

CNC Machining Process Steps

1. Design Creation: Engineers design the part using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software.
2. Programming: The design is converted into a CNC program using CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) software, generating G-code.
3. Machine Setup: Operators set up the machine, securing the workpiece and installing the appropriate tools.
4. Machining: The CNC machine executes the program, performing the necessary cuts and movements.
5. Quality Control: Finished parts are inspected for accuracy and quality.

Types of CNC Machining Operations

1. Milling: Rotating cutting tools remove material to shape the workpiece.
2. Turning: The workpiece rotates while a stationary cutting tool shapes it.
3. Drilling: Creating round holes in the workpiece.
4. Boring: Enlarging existing holes with precision.
5. Grinding: Using an abrasive wheel to achieve fine finishes.
6. Cutting: Separating material using various methods like laser or plasma cutting.

CNC Equipment and Key Components

1. CNC Machine: Includes the bed, spindle, axes, and tool changer.
2. Controller: The computer system that interprets G-code and controls machine movements.
3. Axes: Typically X, Y, and Z axes, allowing multi-directional movement.
4. Spindle: Rotates the cutting tool at various speeds.
5. Tool Magazine: Stores multiple tools for automatic changing.
6. Fixtures: Secure the workpiece during machining.

CNC Programming

CNC programming involves writing code (G-code and M-code) that directs the machine’s operations. G-code controls movements, while M-code manages auxiliary functions like coolant flow.

Recommended Machines for Graphite Machining

GraphiteCNC X1

Compact design, sealed chamber, HEPA filtration—ideal for precision graphite parts.

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GraphiteCNC X5 Pro

Large-bed CNC with oil mist cooling and automatic dust extraction.

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